What are the types of earthing systems?

The types of earthing systems are categorized primarily into TT, TN, and IT systems, which represent different methods of connecting electrical installations to the earth.

In a TT system, the supply system earth and the installation earth are independent, which means that the earth connection of the consumer is separate from the earth of the power supply network. This can enhance safety, particularly in fault conditions, as it minimizes the risk of electric shock.

The TN system is characterized by having a direct connection between the neutral of the supply and the earth, where the installation can use this common point for earthing. There are variations of the TN system, which include TN-S, TN-C, and TN-C-S, each indicating how the neutral and earth conductors are used.

The IT system features an isolated or impedance-earthed supply, where the installation is not directly connected to the earth. This system is often used in settings where continuity of supply is crucial and allows for detection of earth faults without immediate risk to safety.

These earthing systems are critical in ensuring safe operation and provide paths for fault currents to reduce the risk of electrical shock and equipment damage. Other choices that focus on different electrical systems or configurations, such as AC, DC, RF, or various phase