What does the term ‘single-phase power’ mean?

The term 'single-phase power' refers to an electrical system that operates using a single alternating current (AC) waveform for power distribution. This system typically consists of two wires: one that carries the current (the "hot" wire) and another that serves as a return path (the "neutral" wire). The single-phase power is characterized by its sinusoidal waveform, which means that it provides voltage that varies in a smooth, periodic manner.

Single-phase power is commonly used in residential and light commercial settings because it is sufficient for typical household appliances and lighting. The simplicity of the single-phase system makes it easier to manage and install compared to more complex systems like three-phase power, which requires more infrastructure and is used for heavy industrial equipment.

The other options describe concepts that do not accurately address the essence of single-phase power. Multiple power sources are associated with multi-phase systems, battery-powered systems do not inherently use AC waveforms, and referring to single-phase power as outdated overlooks its widespread and efficient use in various applications today.