What is circuit impedance?

Circuit impedance refers to the total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current (AC). This concept encompasses not only the resistance (which opposes current flow) but also takes into account the effects of reactance—due to capacitors and inductors in the circuit.

In AC circuits, the interaction between resistance and reactance affects both the efficiency and safety of the system. For instance, as impedance increases, the current for a given voltage decreases, which can influence how much power is consumed and how circuits behave under different load conditions. Understanding impedance is crucial for designing safe electrical systems, as it plays a significant role in preventing overheating and ensuring that equipment operates within its rated limits.

Identifying circuit impedance is essential for anyone working with AC systems, as it carries significant implications for the performance and reliability of electrical installations.